Gingko biloba, actif sur les fonctions c\u00e9r\u00e9brales<\/figcaption><\/figure>\nPlusieurs \u00e9tudes ont en outre montr\u00e9 qu\u2019une combinaison de ginkgo biloba avec le\u00a0 Panax ginseng pourrait am\u00e9liorer la m\u00e9moire chez des individus en bonne sant\u00e9. (Scholey, Wesnes, Singh).<\/p>\n
Pour ce qui est des facult\u00e9s cognitives, \u00a0les r\u00e9sultats obtenus jusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent ne permettent pas d\u2019affirmer que le ginkgo les am\u00e9liore ni qu\u2019il freine leur d\u00e9clin associ\u00e9 au vieillissement.<\/p>\n
Quelques \u00e9tudes montrent une l\u00e9g\u00e8re am\u00e9lioration de la\u00a0m\u00e9moire<\/strong>\u00a0et des facult\u00e9s cognitives chez des personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es. Par contre, d\u2019autres affirment le contraire ou sont du moins septiques.<\/p>\nPour ce qui est de maladies d\u2019Alzheimer, une \u00e9tude d\u2019envergure (GuidAge) a \u00e9t\u00e9 lanc\u00e9e en 2008 en Europe aupr\u00e8s de sujets \u00e2g\u00e9s de 70\u00a0ans, sains ou souffrant de troubles cognitif l\u00e9gers, dans le but d\u2019\u00e9tudier l\u2019effet pr\u00e9ventif du EGb 761 (120 mg deux fois par jour) dans la maladie d\u2019Alzheimer8<\/sup>. \u00a0Cette \u00e9tude publi\u00e9e en 2012 n\u2019a rapport\u00e9 aucun effet pr\u00e9ventif de l\u2019extrait (Vellas), confirmant les r\u00e9sultats pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents \u00a0(Snitz).<\/p>\nR\u00e9tinopathie<\/h2>\n
La prise d\u2019un extrait normalis\u00e9 (EGb 761) \u00e0 raison de 120 mg\/jour pendant six mois\u00a0 (120 mg\/jour pendant 6 mois) semble am\u00e9liorer la vision des couleurs chez les diab\u00e9tiques souffrant de r\u00e9tinopathie.<\/p>\n
Glaucome<\/h2>\n
Deux \u00e9tudes ont rapport\u00e9 un ralentissement de la d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration de la vue chez des patients souffrant de glaucome et trait\u00e9s avec un extrait de gingko biloba (120-160 mg\/jour) (Passeport sant\u00e9).<\/p>\n
Maladie de Raynaud<\/h2>\n
L\u2019extrait normalis\u00e9 de feuilles de\u00a0ginkgo\u00a0est reconnu par l\u2019Organisation mondiale de la Sant\u00e9 pour le traitement des troubles li\u00e9s \u00e0 la r\u00e9sistance art\u00e9rielle p\u00e9riph\u00e9rique, dont la maladie de Raynaud fait partie. \u00a0\u00c0 ce sujet, les scientifiques ne sont pas tous d\u2019accord et les \u00e9tudes se poursuivent afin d\u2019\u00e9claircir les points obscurs.<\/p>\n
Ses vertus sexuelles<\/h2>\n
De nombreux v\u00e9g\u00e9taux sont cens\u00e9s r\u00e9veiller le d\u00e9sir sexuels ou encore aider le cot\u00e9 physique \u00e0 atteindre les performances attendues. Certains d’entre eux font partie de notre alimentation tels: l’artichaut, le gingembre, le cayenne, la vanille et le chocolat. D’autres tels le ginkgo biloba<\/strong>, le ginseng asiatique et am\u00e9ricain, la rhodiole, et le maca qui stimuleraient le pshychique, n\u00e9cessitent une certaine pr\u00e9paration pour \u00eatre consomm\u00e9s. \u00a0Cependant, \u00e0 l’exception du maca reconnu par Sant\u00e9 Canada pour avoir certains effets sur le bien-\u00eatre sexuel<\/strong>, la science occidentale n’a jamais pu d\u00e9montrer ces faits. \u00a0Par contre, dans la culture asiatique, plus de cents esp\u00e8ces de v\u00e9g\u00e9taux dont le gingko et aussi de substances animales tel la corne de rhinoc\u00e9ros et aussi le bois de velours sont largement accept\u00e9s soit comme stimulant sexuel, soit mental, soit physique.<\/p>\nPour certains fruits et l\u00e9gumes tels l’\u00e9pinard, la betterave, le melon d’eau, la pomme grenade et le brocoli, l’explication est plus simple, c’est leur concentration en nitrate<\/strong>. \u00a0Les corps caverneux du p\u00e9nis et du clitoris sont une petite boule spongieuse de tr\u00e8s petits nerfs entour\u00e9s de vaisseaux sanguins. Chez l’homme, le corps caverneux est situ\u00e9 dans le p\u00e9nis \u00e0 partir de sa base (un peu comme une chambre \u00e0 air). Chez la femme, il entoure le clitoris. \u00a0Durant les p\u00e9riodes sexuelles, il s’engorge de sang et devient actif. Sa stimulation d\u00e9pend de la relaxation des muscles g\u00e9nitaux. L’oxyde nitrique (NO) et son m\u00e9tabolite le GMP cyclique influe directement sur le m\u00e9canisme \u00e9rectile et chez l’homme et chez la femme. Chez l’homme, son action entra\u00eene le rel\u00e2chement des muscles lisses du p\u00e9nis, ce qui a pour effet de faciliter le passage du sang en provenance des veines p\u00e9niennes et d’entra\u00eener le gonflement de la verge. Plus la pr\u00e9sence de GMPc est marqu\u00e9e et plus l’\u00e9rection sera durable et forte. \u00a0Chez la femme, un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne similaire mais moins fort se produit au niveau du clitoris.<\/p>\n<\/h2>\nSource:\u00a0 \u00a0Sant\u00e9 Canada –<\/h3>\n\n- Nomenclature du compendium des ingr\u00e9dients m\u00e9dicinaux<\/li>\n
- M\u00e9dicaments et produits de sant\u00e9 naturels<\/li>\n
- Monographie: Gingko biloba<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
La pr\u00e9sente monographie vise \u00e0 servir de guide \u00e0 l’industrie pour la pr\u00e9paration de demandes de licence et d’\u00e9tiquettes dans le but d’obtenir une autorisation de mise en march\u00e9 d’un produit de sant\u00e9 naturel.\u00a0 Elle ne vise pas \u00e0 \u00eatre une \u00e9tude approfondie de l’ingr\u00e9dient (ou des ingr\u00e9dients) m\u00e9dicinal (m\u00e9dicinaux).<\/p>\n
La pr\u00e9sente monographie est un document, avec r\u00e9f\u00e9rences \u00e0 l’appui, \u00e0 utiliser en tant que norme d’\u00e9tiquetage.<\/p>\n
Nota : Les parenth\u00e8ses contiennent des \u00e9l\u00e9ments d’information facultatifs — il n’est pas n\u00e9cessaire de les inclure dans la demande de licence de mise en march\u00e9 (DLMM) ou sur l’\u00e9tiquette du produit. La barre oblique (\/) indique que les termes sont synonymes. Le demandeur peut utiliser n’importe lequel des termes indiqu\u00e9s.<\/p>\n
Date:<\/strong>\u00a02009-06-24<\/p>\nNom de la BDIPSN<\/strong><\/p>\nGinkgo biloba\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\nNom(s) propre(s)<\/strong><\/p>\nGinkgo biloba\u00a0<\/em>L. (Ginkgoaceae)<\/p>\nNom(s) commun(s)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Arbre aux \u00e9cus<\/li>\n
- Arbre aux quarante \u00e9cus<\/li>\n
- Arbre du ciel<\/li>\n
- Ginkgo<\/li>\n
- Ginkgo biloba<\/li>\n
- Noyer du Japon<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Mati\u00e8re d’origine<\/strong><\/p>\nFeuille<\/p>\n
Voie d’administration<\/strong><\/p>\nOrale<\/strong><\/p>\nForme posologique(s)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Les aliments ou les formes posologiques semblables aux aliments telles que les barres, les gommes \u00e0 m\u00e2cher ou les breuvages, sont exclus de cette monographie.<\/li>\n
- Les formes posologiques pharmaceutiques acceptables comprennent, notamment les bandelettes, les capsules, les comprim\u00e9s, les formes posologiques \u00e0 croquer (p. ex. les comprim\u00e9s, les g\u00e9lifi\u00e9es), les liquides ou les poudres.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Usage(s) ou fin(s) recommand\u00e9(s)<\/strong><\/p>\n\u00c9nonc\u00e9(s) pr\u00e9cisant ce qui suit:<\/p>\n
\n- Aide \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer les fonctions cognitives chez les adultes<\/li>\n
- Aide \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la m\u00e9moire chez les adultes<\/li>\n
- Aide \u00e0 contribuer au maintien de la circulation p\u00e9riph\u00e9rique<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Dose(s)<\/strong><\/p>\nAdultes:<\/strong><\/p>\nPr\u00e9paration: Tous les extraits normalis\u00e9s\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\nDose(s):<\/strong>\u00a04 – 12 Grammes par jour, feuilles s\u00e9ch\u00e9es<\/p>\n\n- 22-27 Pourcent flavoglycosides<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\n- 5-7 Pourcent terp\u00e9no-lactones<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/p>\n
Consulter l’annexe 1 pour des exemples pertinents de pr\u00e9parations de doses et de fr\u00e9quences d’emploi, selon les r\u00e9f\u00e9rences cit\u00e9es. L’annexe 1 a pour objet de guider l’industrie.<\/p>\n
Dur\u00e9e d’utilisation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Pour les produits fournissant\u00a0 4 – 5.99 Grammes par jour :<\/strong>
\nConsulter un praticien de soins de sant\u00e9 si l’utilisation se prolonge au-del\u00e0 de 8 mois<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n- Pour les produits fournissant\u00a0 6 – 9 Grammes par jour :<\/strong>
\nConsulter un praticien de soins de sant\u00e9 si l’utilisation se prolonge au-del\u00e0 de 6 semaines<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n- Pour les produits fournissant\u00a0 9.01 – 12 Grammes par jour :<\/strong>
\nConsulter un praticien de soins de sant\u00e9 si l’utilisation se prolonge au-del\u00e0 de 4 semaines<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nMention de risques<\/strong><\/p>\nEnonc\u00e9(s) pr\u00e9cisant ce qui suit:<\/p>\n
Pr\u00e9caution(s) et mise(s) en garde<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n- Consulter un praticien de soins de sant\u00e9 avant d’en faire l’usage si vous \u00eates enceinte ou si vous allaitez<\/li>\n
- Consulter un praticien de soins de sant\u00e9 avant d’en faire l’usage si vous prenez des m\u00e9dicaments contre le diab\u00e8te, l’hypertension art\u00e9rielle ou les crises \u00e9pileptiques<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Contre-indication(s)<\/strong>:
\nNe pas utiliser si vous prenez des produits de sant\u00e9 pouvant avoir un effet sur la coagulation sanguine (e.g. des agents anticoagulants, un traitement substitutif avec facteurs de coagulation, de l’acide ac\u00e9tylsalicylique, de l’ibuprof\u00e8ne, de l’huile de poisson, de la vitamine E); ces produits peuvent augmenter le risque de saignements spontan\u00e9s<\/p>\nR\u00e9action(s) ind\u00e9sirable(s) connue(s)<\/strong>:
\n\u00c9nonc\u00e9 non requis<\/p>\nIngr\u00e9dients non m\u00e9dicinaux<\/strong><\/p>\nDoivent \u00eatre choisis de la base de donn\u00e9es d’ingr\u00e9dients de produits de sant\u00e9 naturels actuelle et doivent respecter les restrictions d\u00e9finies dans la base de donn\u00e9es.
\nSp\u00e9cifications<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Les sp\u00e9cifications du produit fini doivent \u00eatre \u00e9tablies conform\u00e9ment aux exigences d\u00e9crites dans le Guide de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence sur la qualit\u00e9 des produits de sant\u00e9 naturels de la\u00a0DPSN.<\/li>\n
- L’ingr\u00e9dient m\u00e9dicinal doit \u00eatre conforme aux exigences mentionn\u00e9es dans la Base de donn\u00e9es d’ingr\u00e9dients de produits de sant\u00e9 naturels (BDIPSN).<\/li>\n
- L’ingr\u00e9dient m\u00e9dicinal peut \u00eatre conforme aux sp\u00e9cifications \u00e9nonc\u00e9es dans les monographies officinales suivantes: ‘Ginkgo Leaf’ publi\u00e9e dans la Pharmacop\u00e9e britannique (BP), ‘Ginkgo Leaf (Ginkgonis folium)’ publi\u00e9e dans la pharmacop\u00e9e europ\u00e9enne (Ph. Eur.), ou ‘Ginkgo’, ‘Powdered Ginkgo Extract’, ‘Ginkgo Capsules’ et ‘Ginkgo Tablets’ publi\u00e9es dans la pharmacop\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine (USP).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/p>\n
R\u00e9f\u00e9rences cit\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Bent S, Goldberg H, Padula A, Avins AL. Spontaneous bleeding associated with ginkgo biloba: a case report and systematic review of the literature. Journal of General Internal Medicine 2005;20(7):657-661.<\/li>\n
- Birks J, Grimley EV, Van Dongen M. Ginkgo biloba for cognitive impairment and dementia (Review). Oxfordshire (UK): The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; 2007, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD003120. DOI: 10.1002\/14651858.CD003120.pub2<\/li>\n
- Blumenthal M, Goldberg A, Brinkmann J, \u00e9diteurs. Herbal Medicine: Expanded Commission E Monographs. Boston (MA): Integrative Medicine Communications; 2000.<\/li>\n
- Boelsma E, Lamers RJ, Hendriks HF, Van Nesselrooij JH, Roza L. Evidence of the regulatory effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on skin blood flow and study of its effects on urinary metabolites in healthy humans. Planta Medica 2004;70(11):1052-1057.<\/li>\n
- Boullard B. Plantes M\u00e9dicinales du Monde: R\u00e9alit\u00e9s et Croyances. Paris (FR): \u00c9ditions ESTEM; 2001.<\/li>\n
- BP 2008: British Pharmacopoeia, Volume 1. Londres (UK): British Pharmacopoeia Commission. The Stationary Office.<\/li>\n
- Brinker F. Online Updates and Additions to Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions, 3e \u00e9dition. Sandy (OR): Eclectic Medical Publications; 2010. [Consult\u00e9 le 4 juin 2015]. Disponible en ligne \u00e0 : http:\/\/www.eclecticherb.com\/emp\/updatesHCDI.html<\/li>\n
- Bruneton J. Pharmacognosie, Phytochimie, Plantes M\u00e9dicinales, 3e \u00e9dition. Paris (FR): Technique & Documentation; 1999.<\/li>\n
- Cieza A, Maier P, P\u00f6ppel E. Effects of Ginkgo biloba on mental functioning in healthy volunteers. Archives of Medical Research 2003;34(5):373-381.<\/li>\n
- Crews WD, Harrison DW, Griffin ML, Falwell KD, Crist T, Longest L, Hehemann L, Rey ST. The neuropsychological efficacy of Ginkgo preparations in healthy and cognitively intact adults: a comprehensive review. HerbalGram: The Journal of the American Botanical Council 2005;67:43-62.<\/li>\n
- Elsabagh S, Hartley DE, Ali O, Williamson EM, File SE. Differential cognitive effects of Ginkgo biloba after acute and chronic treatment in healthy young volunteers. Psychopharmacology 2005;179(2):437-446.<\/li>\n
- European Pharmacopoeia, 6e \u00e9dition. Strasbourg (France): Directorate for the Quality of Medicines and HealthCare of the Council of Europe (EDQM).; 2008<\/li>\n
- Gr\u00e4ssel E. [Effect of Ginkgo-biloba extract on mental performance. Double-blind study using computerized measurement conditions in patients with cerebral insufficiency]. Fortschritte der Medizin 1992;110(5):73-76 (en Allemand).<\/li>\n
- Kennedy DO, Scholey AB, Wesnes KA. The dose-dependent cognitive effects of acute administration of Ginkgo biloba to healthy young volunteers. Psychopharmacology 2000;151(4):416-423.<\/li>\n
- Le Bars PL, Katz MM, Berman N, Itil TM, Freedman AM, Schatzberg AF. A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial of an extract of Ginkgo biloba for dementia. North American EGb Study Group. The Journal of the American Medical Association 1997;278(16):1327-1332.<\/li>\n
- Mehlsen J, Drabaek H, Wiinberg N, Winther K. Effects of a Ginkgo biloba extract on forearm haemodynamics in healthy volunteers. Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging 2002;22(6):375-378.<\/li>\n
- Mix JA, Crews WD. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 in a sample of cognitively intact older adults: neuropsychological findings. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental 2002;17(6):267-277.<\/li>\n
- Mix JA, Crews WD. An examination of the efficacy of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb761 on the neuropsychologic functioning of cognitively intact older adults. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 2000;6(3):219-229.<\/li>\n
- Moulton PL, Boyko LN, Fitzpatrick JL, Petros TV. The effect of Ginkgo biloba on memory in healthy male volunteers. Physiology and Behavior 2001;73(4):659-665.<\/li>\n
- OMS 1999 : Organisation mondiale de la Sant\u00e9 (OMS). WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants, Volume 1. Gen\u00e8ve (CH): Organisation mondiale de la Sant\u00e9; 1999.<\/li>\n
- PasseportSant\u00e9.net 2007 Montr\u00e9al (QC): PasseportSant\u00e9.net, Totalm\u00e9dia Inc.; 2008. Disponible en ligne \u00e0 : http:\/\/www.passeportsante.net\/fr\/Solutions\/PlantesSupplements\/Index.aspx<\/li>\n
- Pittler MH, Ernst E. Ginkgo biloba extract for the treatment of intermittent claudication: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. The American Journal of Medicine 2000;108(4):276-281.<\/li>\n
- Santos RF, Galdur\u00f3z JC, Barbieri A, Castiglioni ML, Ytaya LY, Bueno OF. Cognitive performance, SPECT, and blood viscosity in elderly non-demented people using Ginkgo biloba. Pharmacopsychiatry 2003;36(4):127-133.<\/li>\n
- Stough C, Clarke J, Lloyd J, Nathan PJ. Neuropsychological changes after 30-day Ginkgo biloba administration in healthy participants. The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 2001;4(2):131-134.<\/li>\n
- USDA 2008: ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville (MD). [Consult\u00e9 le 21 janvier 2008]. Disponible en ligne \u00e0 : http:\/\/www.ars-grin.gov\/cgi-bin\/npgs\/html\/tax_search.pl<\/li>\n
- USP 32 : United States Pharmacopeial Convention. 2009. United States Pharmacopeia and the National Formulary (USP 32 – NF 27). Rockville (MD): The United States Pharmacopeial Convention.<\/li>\n
- Wiersema J, Le\u00f3n B. 1999. World Economic Plants: A Standard Reference. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press LLC.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
R\u00e9f\u00e9rences examin\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Allain H, Raoul P, Lieury A, LeCoz F, Gandon JM, D’Arbigny P. Effect of two doses of ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) on the dual-coding test in elderly subjects. Clinical Therapeutics 1993;15(3):549-558.<\/li>\n
- Bauer U. 6-Month double-blind randomised clinical trial of Ginkgo biloba extract versus placebo in two parallel groups in patients suffering from peripheral arterial insufficiency. Arzneimittel-Forschung 1984;34(6):716-720.<\/li>\n
- Beers MH, Berkow R, \u00e9diteurs. The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy, 17e \u00e9dition. Whitehouse Station (NJ) : Merck & Co., Inc; 1999.<\/li>\n
- Benjamin J, Muir T, Briggs K, Pentland B. A case of cerebral haemorrhage-can Ginkgo biloba be implicated? Postgraduate Medical Journal 2001;77(904):112-113.<\/li>\n
- Blumenthal M, Busse W, Goldberg A, Gruenwald J, Hall T, Riggins C, Rister R, \u00e9diteurs. The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Austin (TX): American Botanical Council; 1998.<\/li>\n
- Blumenthal M, Hall T, Goldberg A, Kunz T, Kinda K, editors. 2003. The ABC Clinical Guide to Herbs. Austin (TX): American Botanical Council<\/li>\n
- Bourgain RH, Maes L, Andries R, Braquet P. Thrombus induction by endogenic paf-acether and its inhibition by Ginkgo biloba extracts in the guinea pig. Prostaglandins 1986;32(1):142-144.<\/li>\n
- Brautigam MRH, Blommaert FA, Verleye G, Castermans J, Jansen Steur ENH, Kleijnen J. Treatment of age-related memory complaints with Ginkgo biloba extract: a randomized double blind placebo-controlled study. Phytomedicine 1998;5(6):425-434.<\/li>\n
- Bush TM, Rayburn KS, Holloway SW, Sanchez-Yamamoto DS, Allen BL, Lam T, So BK, Tran de H, Greyber ER, Kantor S, Roth LW. Adverse interactions between herbal and dietary substances and prescription medications: a clinical survey. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine 2007;13(2):30-35.<\/li>\n
- Canter PH, and Ernst E. Ginkgo biloba is not a smart drug: an updated systematic review of randomised clinical trials testing the nootropic effects of G. biloba extracts in healthy people. Human Psychopharmacology 2007;22:265-278.<\/li>\n
- Carlson JJ, Farquhar JW, DiNucci E, Ausserer L, Zehnder J, Miller D, Berra K, Hagerty L, Haskell WL. Safety and efficacy of a ginkgo biloba-containing dietary supplement on cognitive function, quality of life, and platelet function in healthy, cognitively intact older adults. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 2007;107(3):422-432.<\/li>\n
- Dartigues JF, Carcaillon L, Helmer C, Lechevallier N, Lafuma A, Khoshnood B. Vasodilators and nootropics as predictors of dementia and mortality in the PAQUID cohort. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2007;55(3):395-399.<\/li>\n
- Destro MWB, Speranzini MB, Cavalheiro Filho C, Destro T, Destro C. Case report: bilateral haematoma after rhytidoplasty and blepharoplasty following chronic use of Ginkgo biloba. British Journal of Plastic Surgery 2005;58(1):100-101.<\/li>\n
- Diamond BJ, Shiflett SC, Feiwel N, Matheis RJ, Noskin O, Richards JA, Schoenberger NE. Ginkgo biloba extract: mechanisms and clinical indications. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2000;81(5):668-678.<\/li>\n
- Diamond WJ. The Clinical Practice of Complementary, Alternative, and Western Medicine. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press LLC; 2001.<\/li>\n
- Eckmann F. [Cerebral insufficiency–treatment with Ginkgo-biloba extract. Time of onset of effect in a double-blind study with 60 inpatients]. Fortschritte der Medizin 1990;108(29):557-560 (en Allemand).<\/li>\n
- Ellingwood F. 1983. American Materia Medica, Therapeutics and Pharmacognosy. Sandy (OR): Eclectic Medical Publications [R\u00e9impression de la publication de 1919].<\/li>\n
- Fessenden JM, Wittenborn W, Clark L. Ginkgo biloba: a case report of herbal medicine and bleeding postoperatively from a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The American Surgeon 2001;67(1):33-35.<\/li>\n
- Fong KCS, Kinnear PE. Retrobulbar haemorrhage associated with chronic Gingko biloba ingestion. Postgraduate Medical Journal 2003;79(935):531-532.<\/li>\n
- Gerhardt G, Rogalla K, Jaeger J. [Drug therapy of disorders of cerebral performance. Randomized comparative study of dihydroergotoxine and Ginkgo biloba extract]. Fortschritte der Medizin 1990;108(19):384-388 (en Allemand).<\/li>\n
- Gessner B, Voelp A, Klasser M. Study of the long-term action of a Ginkgo biloba extract on vigilance and mental performance as determined by means of quantitative pharmaco-EEG and psychometric measurements. Arzneimittel-Forschung 1985;35(9):1459-1465.<\/li>\n
- Gilbert GJ. Ginkgo biloba. Neurology 1997;48(4):1137.<\/li>\n
- Granger AS. Ginkgo biloba precipitating epileptic seizures. Age and Ageing 2001;30(6):523-525.<\/li>\n
- Greenblatt DJ, von Moltke LL, Luo Y, Perloff ES, Horan KA, Bruce A, Reynolds RC, Harmatz JS, Avula B, Khan IA, Goldman P. Ginkgo biloba does not alter clearance of flurbiprofen, a cytochrome P450-2C9 substrate. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2006;46(2):214-221.<\/li>\n
- Halama P, Bartsch G, Meng G. [Disorders of brain performance of vascular origin. Randomized double-blind study of the effectiveness of Gingko biloba extract]. Fortschritte der Medizin 1988;106(19):408-412 (en Allemand).<\/li>\n
- Hofferberth B. [The effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on neurophysiological and psychometric measurement results in patients with psychotic organic brain syndrome. A double-blind study against placebo]. Arzneimittel-Forschung 1989;39(8):918-922 (en Allemand).<\/li>\n
- Hofferberth B. The efficacy of EGb 761 in patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study on different levels of investigation. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental 1994;9(3):215-222.<\/li>\n
- Huang SY, Jeng C, Kao SC, Yu JJ, Liu DZ. Improved haemorrheological properties by Ginkgo biloba extract (Egb 761) in type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with retinopathy. Clinical Nutrition 2004;23(4):615-621.<\/li>\n
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Annexe 1: Exemples de pr\u00e9parations posologiques, de fr\u00e9quences et de modes d’emploi<\/strong><\/p>\nFeuille :<\/strong><\/p>\nExtrait normalis\u00e9 :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Extrait sec \u00e9quivalent \u00e0 4 g de feuilles s\u00e9ch\u00e9es, par jour (50 1, 80 mg) (Santos et al. 2003)<\/li>\n
- Extrait sec \u00e9quivalent \u00e0 3 \u00e0 4 g de feuilles s\u00e9ch\u00e9es, 2 \u00e0 3 fois par jour (50:1, 60-80 mg) (Elsbagh et al. 2005; Boelsma et al. 2004; Cieza et al. 2003; Mehlsen et al. 2002; Mix et Crews 2002; Moulton et al. 2001; Stough et al. 2001; Kennedy et al. 2000; Mix et Crews 2000; Pittler et Ernst 2000)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Vertus m\u00e9dicinales Le ginkgo biloba aurait des effets possibles sur les maladies cardio-vasculaires d\u00fb \u00e0 sa capacit\u00e9 de dilater les<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11290,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","footnotes":""},"categories":[821,891],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4483","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers-articles-blogue-phytonutriment-canada","category-plantes-medicinales"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.phytonutriment.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4483","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.phytonutriment.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.phytonutriment.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.phytonutriment.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.phytonutriment.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4483"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.phytonutriment.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4483\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11292,"href":"https:\/\/www.phytonutriment.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4483\/revisions\/11292"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.phytonutriment.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11290"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.phytonutriment.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4483"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.phytonutriment.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4483"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.phytonutriment.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4483"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
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