{"id":5219,"date":"2021-07-11T00:15:32","date_gmt":"2021-07-11T04:15:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.phytonutriment.ca\/?p=5219"},"modified":"2023-03-16T22:12:24","modified_gmt":"2023-03-17T02:12:24","slug":"ginseng-a-cinq-folioles-ginseng-damerique-panax-quinquefolius","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.phytonutriment.ca\/fr\/ginseng-a-cinq-folioles-ginseng-damerique-panax-quinquefolius\/","title":{"rendered":"Ginseng \u00e0 cinq folioles \/ Ginseng d&rsquo;Am\u00e9rique\/ Panax quinquefolius"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>G\u00e9n\u00e9ralit\u00e9s<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le\u00a0ginseng am\u00e9ricain\u00a0(<em>Panax quinquefolius<\/em>) est aussi connu sous le nom de\u00a0ginseng \u00e0 cinq folioles\/\u00e9toiles<strong>. <\/strong>Plante des for\u00eats temp\u00e9r\u00e9es, le ginseng am\u00e9ricain (Panax quinquefolius) est originaire des riches for\u00eats de feuillus du Canada et de la moiti\u00e9 est des \u00c9tats-Unis jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 la limite de la Floride. Le Ginseng d\u2019Am\u00e9rique pousse sur des sols drain\u00e9s riches en humus. Un plant de ginseng peut mesurer de 20 \u00e0 70 centim\u00e8tres de hauteur. Le ginseng \u00e0 cinq folioles fleurit en juin. Un plant de ginseng \u00e0 cinq folioles peut vivre jusqu\u2019\u00e0 60 ans. Le ginseng produit en milieu naturel est de meilleure qualit\u00e9 que celui produit de fa\u00e7on intensive faites en sous-bois ou en champs. Les risques associ\u00e9s \u00e0 la culture du ginseng sont grands et cette derni\u00e8re est tr\u00e8s exigeante. Les taux de succ\u00e8s est tr\u00e8s variable et la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de suivre les r\u00e8gles de culture est obligatoire.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-4834 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/www.phytonutriment.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/ginseng_1499460606-e1499460732419.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"310\" height=\"282\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.phytonutriment.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/ginseng_1499460606-e1499460732419.jpg 425w, https:\/\/www.phytonutriment.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/ginseng_1499460606-e1499460732419-250x228.jpg 250w, https:\/\/www.phytonutriment.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/ginseng_1499460606-e1499460732419-400x364.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 310px) 100vw, 310px\" \/>Le Ginseng \u00e0 cinq folioles a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvert en Am\u00e9rique au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1700. Les Am\u00e9rindiens se servaient des racines de ginseng pour pr\u00e9parer leurs rem\u00e8des traditionnels. Ce n\u2019est qu\u2019en 1715 qu\u2019un pr\u00eatre J\u00e9suite du Qu\u00e9bec aurait identifi\u00e9 le ginseng d\u2019Am\u00e9rique comme l\u2019\u00e9quivalent nord-am\u00e9ricain du ginseng oriental (Panax ginseng). Le bon j\u00e9suite eut alors l\u2019id\u00e9e de l\u2019exporter vers Hong Kong. \u00c9tant tr\u00e8s appr\u00e9ci\u00e9 en Asie pour ses diff\u00e9rents usages, son initiative commerciale fut si exauc\u00e9 qu\u2019un solide commerce d\u2019exportation de racines s\u00e9ch\u00e9es vers la Chine se mis en place et rivalisa rapidement avec le commerce des fourrures.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Toutes les racines \u00e9taient r\u00e9colt\u00e9es des for\u00eats. La sur cueillette de cette plante en milieu naturel durant cette p\u00e9riode faste de commerce avec Hong Kong\u00a0 occasionna sa quasi disparition. Petit \u00e0 petit, les quantit\u00e9s de Ginseng naturelles ont diminu\u00e9 et quasi disparu. En raison de la cueillette excessive et ill\u00e9gale et de la destruction de son habitat, cette esp\u00e8ce a \u00e9t\u00e9 inscrite sur la liste des esp\u00e8ces en voie de disparition \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle nationale. Au Qu\u00e9bec l\u2019esp\u00e8ce est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme menac\u00e9 tandis qu\u2019en Ontario on la classe parmi les esp\u00e8ces en voie de disparition. Aujourd&rsquo;hui, la cueillette, l&rsquo;importation et l&rsquo;exportation du ginseng \u00e0 cinq folioles au Canada sont r\u00e9glement\u00e9es et soigneusement surveill\u00e9es.\u00a0<em>Seul le commerce du ginseng \u00e0 cinq folioles cultiv\u00e9 est l\u00e9gal au Canada<\/em>.\u00a0 Environ 85 % des racines de ginseng produites en Am\u00e9rique du Nord sont destin\u00e9es au march\u00e9 asiatique. Au sein de ce march\u00e9, on distingue nettement le ginseng nord-am\u00e9ricain du ginseng chinois sur le plan des vertus m\u00e9dicinales. Au Canada, on exporte principalement des racines cultiv\u00e9es en champ (2\u00a0670\u00a0000\u00a0kg\u00a0pour un total de 70\u00a0219\u00a0771\u00a0$\u00a0CAN\u00a0en 2008) (2).<\/p>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2>Des ginsengs qui n\u2019en sont pas<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">On donne souvent le nom \u00ab\u00a0ginseng\u00a0\u00bb \u00e0 des plantes qui n&rsquo;en sont pas. Le ginseng de Sib\u00e9rie (<em>Eleutherococcus senticosus<\/em>\u00a0&#8211; \u00e9leuth\u00e9rocoque), le ginseng des femmes ou l\u2019ang\u00e9lique chinoise (<em>Angelica sinensis), <\/em>\u00a0le ginseng du Br\u00e9sil (<em>Pfaffia paniculata<\/em>\u00a0&#8211; suma), le ginseng p\u00e9ruvien (<em>Lepdium meyenii<\/em>\u00a0&#8211; maca) et le ginseng indien (<em>Withania somnifera\u00a0<\/em>\u2013<em>\u00a0ashwagandha<\/em>) ne font pas parti du genre botanique\u00a0<em>Panax<\/em>. M\u00eame si ces plantes ont une valeur m\u00e9dicinale, on ne saurait les assimiler au ginseng et leur attribuer les effets d\u00e9crits pour le ginseng \u00e0 5 \u00e9toiles (panax quinquefolius). Il suffit de comparer avec la fiche du maca pour constater la diff\u00e9rence.<\/p>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2>Ses phytonutriments et ses min\u00e9raux<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L&rsquo;action m\u00e9dicinale du ginseng est attribu\u00e9e \u00e0 sa classe unique de compos\u00e9s appel\u00e9s ginsenosides \u00a0(mol\u00e9cules qui correspondent ni plus ni moins au syst\u00e8me immunitaire de la plante) de la famille des\u00a0saponines.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Ses vertus m\u00e9dicinales<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La racine de ginseng est largement utilis\u00e9e dans le monde pour ses effets adaptog\u00e8nes, immunomodulateurs (traitement qui stimule ou freine les r\u00e9actions du syst\u00e8me immunitaire\u00a0du corps), antin\u00e9oplasiques (m\u00e9dicament\u00a0destin\u00e9 \u00e0 bloquer la prolif\u00e9ration des cellules canc\u00e9reuses),\u00a0cardiovasculaires, endocriniens (secr\u00e9tion d\u2019ormones) et ergog\u00e9niques (substances qui augmentent les performances ou la capacit\u00e9 de travail et qui ont un potentiel de devenir dopantes). Par contre, certains ergog\u00e9niques ne sont pas interdits, comme les prot\u00e9ines ou la cr\u00e9atine. \u00a0La racine du ginseng quinquefolius est r\u00e9put\u00e9 pour abaisser le taux de sucre et le taux de cholest\u00e9rol dans le sang, de prot\u00e9ger contre le stress, d&rsquo;am\u00e9liorer la force et de promouvoir la relaxation. Il est class\u00e9 par la Food and Drug Administration (FDA) comme une \u00abnourriture s\u00fbre g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement reconnue\u00bb (GRAS).\u00a0Voici ce que Sant\u00e9 Canada reconnait (usages et fins recommand\u00e9s) au Ginseng quinquefolius.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Utilis\u00e9 en m\u00e9decine traditionnelle chinoise (MTC) pour l&rsquo;insuffisance du Qi et du Yin, pour la chaleur interne, pour la toux, pour la pr\u00e9sence de sang dans le mucus, pour le feu lors du syndrome d&rsquo;insuffisance, pour la dysphorie et la fatigue, pour la soif, la bouche et la gorge s\u00e8ches<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Utilis\u00e9 en phytoth\u00e9rapie\/herboristerie comme th\u00e9rapie de soutien pour aider au contr\u00f4le du taux de glucose<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Utilis\u00e9 traditionnellement en phytoth\u00e9rapie\/herboristerie pour aider \u00e0 soulager la nervosit\u00e9 (s\u00e9datif l\u00e9ger)<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Utilis\u00e9 traditionnellement en phytoth\u00e9rapie\/herboristerie pour aider \u00e0 soulager la dyspepsie nerveuse \/ pour aider \u00e0 la digestion dans les cas de nervosit\u00e9 et\/ou de stress<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Utilis\u00e9 en phytoth\u00e9rapie\/herboristerie comme adaptog\u00e8ne pour aider au maintien de la sant\u00e9 du syst\u00e8me immunitaire<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ses vertus sexuelles<\/h2>\n<p>De nombreux v\u00e9g\u00e9taux sont cens\u00e9s r\u00e9veiller le d\u00e9sir sexuels ou encore aider le c\u00f4t\u00e9 physique \u00e0 atteindre les performances attendues.\u00a0 Certains d&rsquo;entre eux font partis de notre alimentation tels l&rsquo;artichaut, le gingembre, la vanille, le chocolat.\u00a0 D&rsquo;autres tels le Ginseng n\u00e9cessitent une certaine pr\u00e9paration pour \u00eatre consomm\u00e9s. Cependant, <strong>\u00e0 l&rsquo;exception du maca reconnu par Sant\u00e9 Canada pour avoir certains effets sur le bien-\u00eatre sexuel<\/strong>, la science occidentale n&rsquo;a jamais pu d\u00e9montrer ces faits.\u00a0 Par contre, dans la culture asiatique plus de cents esp\u00e8ces de v\u00e9g\u00e9taux et aussi de substances animales tel la corne de rhinoc\u00e9ros et aussi le bois de velours sont largement accept\u00e9s soit comme stimulant sexuel soit mental soit physique.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pour certains fruits et l\u00e9gumes tels l&rsquo;\u00e9pinard, la betterave, le melon d&rsquo;eau, la pomme grenade et le brocoli, l&rsquo;explication est plus simple, leur <strong>concentration en nitrate<\/strong>. Les corps caverneux du p\u00e9nis et du clitoris sont une petite boule spongieuses de tr\u00e8s petits nerfs entour\u00e9s de vaisseaux sanguins.\u00a0 Chez l&rsquo;homme, le corps caverneux est situ\u00e9 dans le p\u00e9nis \u00e0 partir de sa base (un peu comme une chambre \u00e0 air). Chez la femme, il entoure le clitoris. Durant les p\u00e9riodes sexuelles, il s&rsquo;engorge de sang et devient actif. Sa stimulation d\u00e9pend de la relaxation des muscles g\u00e9nitaux. L&rsquo;oxyde nitrique (NO) et son m\u00e9tabolite le GMP cyclique influe directement sur le m\u00e9canisme \u00e9rectile et chez l&rsquo;homme et chez la femme. Chez l&rsquo;homme son action entra\u00eene le rel\u00e2chement des muscles lisses du p\u00e9nis, ce qui a pour effet de faciliter le passage du sang en provenance des veines p\u00e9niennes et d&rsquo;entra\u00eener le gonflement de la verge. Plus la pr\u00e9sence de GMP est marqu\u00e9e et plus l&rsquo;\u00e9rection sera durable et forte. Chez la femme un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne similaire mais moins fort se produit au niveau du clitoris.<\/p>\n<h2>Monographie Sant\u00e9 Canada<\/h2>\n<div class=\"center\">\n<div id=\"monograph\">\n<p><span class=\"bold\">Date:<\/span><span>\u00a0<\/span>2015-07-06<\/p>\n<h3>Nom de la BDIPSN<\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"italic\">Panax quinquefolius<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Nom(s) propre(s)<\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"italic\">Panax quinquefolius<span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>L. (Araliaceae)<\/p>\n<h3>Nom(s) commun(s)<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"compress\">\n<li>Ginseng \u00e0 cinq folioles<\/li>\n<li>Ginseng d&rsquo;Am\u00e9rique<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Mati\u00e8re d&rsquo;origine<\/h3>\n<p>Racine<\/p>\n<p>Panax quinquefolius est une esp\u00e8ce en p\u00e9ril \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9tat sauvage ; la seule mati\u00e8re d&rsquo;origine acceptable est la racine des plantes cultiv\u00e9es (EC 2009). Voir les sp\u00e9cifications pour plus de d\u00e9tails.<\/p>\n<h3>Voie d&rsquo;administration<\/h3>\n<p>Forme posologique(s)<\/p>\n<p>Orale<\/p>\n<ul class=\"compress\">\n<li>Les aliments ou les formes posologiques semblables aux aliments telles que les barres, les gommes \u00e0 m\u00e2cher ou les breuvages, sont exclus de cette monographie.<\/li>\n<li>Les formes posologiques pharmaceutiques acceptables comprennent, notamment les bandelettes, les capsules, les comprim\u00e9s, les formes posologiques \u00e0 croquer (p. ex. les comprim\u00e9s, les g\u00e9lifi\u00e9es), les liquides ou les poudres.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Usage(s) ou fin(s) recommand\u00e9(s)<\/h3>\n<p>Enonc\u00e9(s) pr\u00e9cisant ce qui suit:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"compress\">\n<li class=\"disc\">Utilis\u00e9 en m\u00e9decine traditionnelle chinoise (MTC) pour l&rsquo;insuffisance du Qi et du Yin, pour la chaleur interne, pour la toux, pour la pr\u00e9sence de sang dans le mucus, pour le feu lors du syndrome d&rsquo;insuffisance, pour la dysphorie et la fatigue, pour la soif, la bouche et la gorge s\u00e8ches<\/li>\n<li class=\"disc\">Utilis\u00e9 en phytoth\u00e9rapie\/herboristerie comme th\u00e9rapie de soutien pour aider au contr\u00f4le du taux de glucose<\/li>\n<li class=\"disc\">Utilis\u00e9 traditionnellement en phytoth\u00e9rapie\/herboristerie pour aider \u00e0 soulager la nervosit\u00e9 (s\u00e9datif l\u00e9ger)<\/li>\n<li class=\"disc\">Utilis\u00e9 traditionnellement en phytoth\u00e9rapie\/herboristerie pour aider \u00e0 soulager la dyspepsie nerveuse \/ pour aider \u00e0 la digestion dans les cas de nervosit\u00e9 et\/ou de stress<\/li>\n<li class=\"disc\">Utilis\u00e9 en phytoth\u00e9rapie\/herboristerie comme adaptog\u00e8ne pour aider au maintien de la sant\u00e9 du syst\u00e8me immunitaire<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Dose(s)<\/h3>\n<h3>Adultes:<\/h3>\n<p>MTC<br \/>\nPr\u00e9paration:<strong> D\u00e9coction<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"indent1\"><strong>Dose(s):<\/strong><\/span><span>\u00a0<\/span>2.4 &#8211; 9 Grammes par jour, racine s\u00e9ch\u00e9e<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"indentMonoContent1\"><strong>Mode d&#8217;emploi:<span>\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>Pr\u00e9parer la racine s\u00e9ch\u00e9e en d\u00e9coction<\/div>\n<p><br class=\"clear\" \/>Taux de glucose; S\u00e9datif l\u00e9ger; Nervosit\u00e9; Syst\u00e8me immunitaire<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e9paration: Sec, poudre, d\u00e9coction et infusion + extraits liquides + extraits seches, tinture, extrait fluide.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"indent1\"><strong>Dose(s):<\/strong><\/span><span>\u00a0<\/span>0.5 &#8211; 12 Grammes par jour, racine s\u00e9ch\u00e9e<\/p>\n<h3>Dur\u00e9e d&rsquo;utilisation<\/h3>\n<p>\u00c9nonc\u00e9 non requis<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mention de risques<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Enonc\u00e9(s) pr\u00e9cisant ce qui suit:<span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Pr\u00e9caution(s) et mise(s) en garde<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"disc compress\">\n<li>Si vous avez le diab\u00e8te, consulter un praticien de soins de sant\u00e9 avant d&rsquo;en faire l&rsquo;usage<\/li>\n<li>Si vous prenez des anticoagulants ou de la digoxine, consulter un praticien de soins de sant\u00e9 avant d&rsquo;en faire l&rsquo;usage<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Contre-indication(s)<\/strong>:<br \/>\n\u00c9nonc\u00e9 non requis<\/p>\n<p><strong>R\u00e9action(s) ind\u00e9sirable(s) connue(s)<\/strong>:<br \/>\n\u00c9nonc\u00e9 non requis<\/p>\n<h3>Ingr\u00e9dients non m\u00e9dicinaux<\/h3>\n<p>Doivent \u00eatre choisis de la Base de donn\u00e9es d&rsquo;ingr\u00e9dients de produits de sant\u00e9 naturels actuelle et doivent respecter les restrictions d\u00e9finies dans la base de donn\u00e9es.<span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Sp\u00e9cifications<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"disc compress\">\n<li>Les sp\u00e9cifications du produit fini doivent \u00eatre \u00e9tablies conform\u00e9ment aux exigences d\u00e9crites dans le Guide de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence sur la qualit\u00e9 des produits de sant\u00e9 naturels de la<span>\u00a0<\/span><abbr title=\"La Base de donn\u00e9es sur les ingr\u00e9dients de produits de sant\u00e9 naturels\">DPSN<\/abbr>.<\/li>\n<li>L&rsquo;ingr\u00e9dient m\u00e9dicinal doit \u00eatre conforme aux exigences mentionn\u00e9es dans la Base de donn\u00e9es d&rsquo;ingr\u00e9dients de produits de sant\u00e9 naturels (<abbr>BDIPSN<\/abbr>).<\/li>\n<li>L&rsquo;ingr\u00e9dient m\u00e9dicinal peut \u00eatre conforme aux sp\u00e9cifications \u00e9nonc\u00e9es dans les monographies American Ginseng, Powdered American Ginseng de la pharmacop\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine (USP 38).<\/li>\n<li>Une preuve d&rsquo;achat ou un permis pour poss\u00e9der la plante cultiv\u00e9e Panax quinquefolius doit \u00eatre disponible puisque la plante est une esp\u00e8ce en p\u00e9ril \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9tat sauvage : (i) Panax quinquefolius est prot\u00e9g\u00e9e au Canada par la Loi sur les esp\u00e8ces en p\u00e9ril (LEP). Selon la section 32(2) de cette loi, il est interdit de poss\u00e9der, de collectionner, d&rsquo;acheter, de vendre ou d&rsquo;\u00e9changer un individu &#8211; notamment partie d&rsquo;un individu ou produit qui en provient &#8211; d&rsquo;une esp\u00e8ce sauvage inscrite comme esp\u00e8ce disparue du pays, en voie de disparition ou menac\u00e9e (JC 2015), (ii) Panax quinquefolius est prot\u00e9g\u00e9e au Qu\u00e9bec par la Loi sur les esp\u00e8ces menac\u00e9es ou vuln\u00e9rables (LEMV). Cette loi interdit de nuire aux individus de cette esp\u00e8ce, d&rsquo;en poss\u00e9der, d&rsquo;en faire le commerce et de perturber leur habitat (EC 2015).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>R\u00e9f\u00e9rences cit\u00e9es<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"compress\">\n<li>\n<div>Assinewe VA. Phytochemical variation and immunopharmacology of Panax quinquefolius L. (American Ginseng) [Th\u00e8se de doctorat]. Ottawa (ON): University of Ottawa; 2001.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Bartram T. Bartram&rsquo;s Encyclopedia of Herbal Medicine: The Definitive Guide to the Herbal Treatments of Diseases. New York (NY): Marlowe &amp; Company; 1995.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Bensky D, Gamble A. Chinese Herbal Medicine: Materia Medica. Revised Edition. Seattle (WA): Eastland Press, Inc; 1993.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Brinker F. Online Updates and Additions to Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions, 3e \u00e9dition. Sandy (OR): Eclectic Medical Publications; 2010. [Consult\u00e9 le 4 juin 2015]. Disponible en ligne \u00e0 : http:\/\/www.eclecticherb.com\/emp\/updatesHCDI.html<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Dascalu A, Sievenpiper JL, Jenkins AL, Stavro MP, Leiter LA, Arnason JT, Vuksan V. Five batches representative of Ontario-grown American ginseng root produce comparable reductions of postprandial glycemia in healthy individuals. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 2007 85(9):856-864.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Dasgupta A, Kang E, Olsen M, Actor JK, Datta P. Interference of Asian, American, and Indian (Ashwagandha) ginseng in serum digoxin measurements by a fluorescence polarization immunoassay can be minimized by using a new enzyme-linked chemiluminescent immunosorbent or turbidimetric assay. Archives of Pathology &amp; Laboratory Medicine 2007. 131(4):619-621.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Ellingwood F. American Materia Medica, Therapeutics and Pharmacognosy. Sandy (OR): Eclectic Medical Publications; 1998 [R\u00e9impression de la publication de 1919].<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Elmer GW, Lafferty WE, Tyree PT, Lind BK. 2007. Potential interactions between complementary\/alternative products and conventional medicines in a Medicare population. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy 41(10):1617-1624.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Felter HW, Lloyd JU. King&rsquo;s American Dispensatory, Volume 1, 18e \u00e9dition. Sandy (OR): Eclectic Medical Publications; 1983 [R\u00e9impression de la publication de 1898].<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Godfrey A, Saunders PR, Barlow K, Gilbert C, Gowan M, Smith F. Principles and Practices of Naturopathic Botanical Medicine. Volume 1: Botanical Medicine Monographs. Toronto (ON): CCNM Press; 2010.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Hoffmann D. 2003. Medical Herbalism: The Science and Practice of Herbal Medicine. Rochester (VT): Healing Arts Press.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>JC 2015: Minist\u00e8re de la Justice Canada. Loi sur les esp\u00e8ces en p\u00e9ril . Ottawa (ON) : Minist\u00e8re de la Justice Canada. [Consult\u00e9 le 4 juin 2009]. Disponible en ligne \u00e0 : http:\/\/laws-lois.justice.gc.ca\/fra\/acts\/S-15.3\/index.html.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>King ML, Adler SR, Murphy LL. 2006. Extraction-dependent effects of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium) on human breast cancer cell proliferation and estrogen receptor activation. 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Plante des for\u00eats temp\u00e9r\u00e9es, le ginseng<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4647,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","footnotes":""},"categories":[821,891],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5219","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers-articles-blogue-phytonutriment-canada","category-plantes-medicinales"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.phytonutriment.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5219","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.phytonutriment.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.phytonutriment.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.phytonutriment.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.phytonutriment.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5219"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.phytonutriment.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5219\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10988,"href":"https:\/\/www.phytonutriment.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5219\/revisions\/10988"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.phytonutriment.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4647"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.phytonutriment.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5219"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.phytonutriment.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5219"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.phytonutriment.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5219"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}